חכם חזקיה שבתי


A Short Tribute

חכם חזקיה שבתי נולד לאמו רחל בת פירלה ולאביו חכם גבריאל יהושע שבתאי, בשנת תרכ"ב (1862) בעיר סלוניקי. בשנת תרכ"ח (1867), והוא בן 5, עלה עם הוריו לארץ ישראל והם תיישבו בירושלים. 
חכם חזקיה שבתי למד בישיבת 'חסד אל' בעיר העתיקה בירושלים, ומפי אביו שהיה מראשי הישיבה. בשנת תרל"ט (1879) נישא לחנה, בת הרב אלעזר מזרחי, ולהם נולדו בנים ובנות.
בשנת תרמ"ו (1886) חכם חזקיה שבתי חיבר יחד עם חכם נחמן בטיטו וחכם שמואל ניסים, את ספר 'מעם לועז'- פירוש על ספר שמות. 
בשנת תרמ"ט (1889) יצא כשליח דרבנן לערי טוניס וטריפולי, בשנת תר"ן (1890) לבוכרה.
בשנת תר"ס (1900) התמנה לסגן החכם באשי ביפו. בשנת תרס"ד (1904) לחכם באשי בטריפולי שבלוב, ובשנת תרס"ח (1908) התמנה לחכם באשי בחאלב, שבסוריה. תפקיד בו שימש כשמונה עשרה שנה.
בתפקידו התמודד עם שינוי השלטון בעקבות מהפכת הטורקים הצעירים, והחלת הגיוס הצבאי גם על יהודים, חכם חזקיה שבתי עמד על המשמר והגן על הקהילה. הוא דאג לשחרור שלוש מאות תלמידי חכמים מעבודת כפייה, והציל את בית העלמין היהודי מחורבן. 
בשנת תרע"ט (1919) יצא בשליחות מצווה ללונדון ולפאריז, כדי לגייס כספים ליסוד בית יתומים בארם צובא. בשנת תרפ"ו (1926) בעקבות חילוקי דעות עם ראשי הקהילה בחאלב, התפטר מתפקידו ושב לירושלים, שם התמנה כראש אב בית הדין. בשנת ת"ש (1940) נבחר כחבר מועצת הרבנות הראשית ובשנת תש"ג (1943) ייסד בירושלים את ישיבת 'שערי אורה'. 
חכם חזקיה שבתי נפטר ביום כ"ג אב תשט"ו (1955) ונקבר בירושלים.
ספרו של חכם חזקיה שבתי, שיצא לאור הוא 'דברי חזקיהו' כרך א' וב' - דרושים, שו"ת ופסקי דין של הלכה.
 
A few quotes from the Rabbi on 'Love of Israel' in which he teaches that one who loves peace is already worthy of being drawn closer to Torah
'Be of the disciples of Aaron, loving peace and pursuing peace, loving the creatures and bringing them closer to Torah.' 'The study of Torah is equal to them all' precisely clarifies this, why does the text not begin with the command about Torah?
According to the interpretation in our article located in the introduction, He said – as it were, after Israel made their first camp, and came to detest argument and to love peace – that they justly deserve that I give them the Torah, in the sense that they came to merit the Torah through peace. This clarifies what it says, 'loving peace and pursuing peace': they are already worthy of being drawn close to Torah through peace.
Divrei Hizkiahu, p. 25, Rabbi Ezra Haim Hashalem Printing, Damascus, Aram Tzuba, 1921
A few quotes from the Rabbi on 'Torah Study' in which he teaches that one working for his livelihood who reads the Shema is considered as studying Torah
'…recite it day and might, so that you may observe faithfully all that is written in it. Only then will you prosper in your undertakings and only then will you be successful." Our teachers, however, explained and clarified that according to Torah a person who works for a livelihood and is pressed for time, yet sets times aside for Torah [study], or someone who has no time for even this – yet prays Shacharit, Mincha and 'Arvit, and recites the Shema appropriately, this too is considered as studying Torah… A person who releases himself from the yoke of Torah will have the fear of God and common decency [derech eretz] imposed upon him; a person who maintains his studies and supports the studies of Torah students will be delivered from it all and achieve the merit of God-fearing people…and will succeed in all things.
Divrei Hizkiahu, Vol. 2, p. 8, Jerusalem, 1952
A few quotes from the Rabbi on 'Tzedakah and Healing' in which he interprets the Priests Blessing as honestly providing for the poor, this being called 'countenance'
It is known that one must try to provide for the poor person before his appeal for support and assistance. It has been said, concerning this, that if a poor person first had to extend his hand, then the letters of the Name will arrive in reverse, and this is termed "hind", while if a person extends his hand to the poor before he [the latter] puts out his hand to take, then will the Name arrive straightforwardly, and this is termed "countenance".
It is also known that peace will come through charity, and has been said, "And the work of righteousness shall be peace". This is what is meant by "The LORD lift up His countenance upon you", that if you achieve bringing the letters of the Name's countenance straightforwardly, He will then give you peace.
And it is also known that it is by the merit of charity that we are redeemed, and that they, of blessed memory, said that the name of the Messiah is like the name of his Master's, as it says 'our just Lord', which explained in Scripture by what follows, 'So shall they put My name' - on the People of Israel, as it were, meaning that the Name of God is carried by the Messiah, who will arrive speedily in our days, and very soon, Amen.
Divrei Hizkiahu, p. 26, Rabbi Ezra Haim Hashalem Printing, Damascus, Aram Tzuba, 1921
A few quotes from the Rabbi on 'Israel and the Nations' in which he teaches the obligation of "Love thy neighbor as thyself" towards our non-Jewish neighbors
"Love your fellow as yourself" – To say that a man love his fellow man, and come to his assistance, is not required between Israel and their brethren, but that it also be thus with our neighbors – who are not Jews. One must be loving with them, and pursue their wellbeing and benefit. We are obligated to do so not only because it is common sense, but by the holy Torah, whose ways are pleasant ways, and all its paths are peace. The wicked Egyptians … tormented us very much, and as we know, there was no harsh labor they did not force upon us. This is the reason that the Torah commands us to overcome and not to hate them. Why? Because we were strangers in their land. All the more so concerning the nations in our day, who are not idolaters, and who dwell in their lands as strangers and residents without disgrace. We are certainly obligated to be loving and friendly with them.
And if they are, heaven forbid, in distress, we are also obligated to share in their distress and be in sorrow for them… in the sense that we are certainly obligated to all the nations and it is our duty to love them, as a man loves his fellow man. In this way they will recognize the fact and know that the Torah we have is complete, and leads us in the true way, and all the world's peoples will see that the Name of the Lord is called upon us.
Divrei Hizkiahu, p. 256 - 257, Rabbi Ezra Haim Hashalem Printing, Damascus, Aram Tzuba, 1921
A few quotes from the Rabbi on 'Traditions of the Fathers' who attributes success to his father's guidance, in whose shadow he took refuge
Already from an early age did my father my master guide me in the just ways and teach me mankind's purpose in life. If I have met with success in one or another aspect, it is because I always took refuge in his shadow and depended on the words of his teachings.
Divrei Hizkiahu, Vol. 2, Introduction, Jerusalem, 1952
A few quotes from the Rabbi on 'Customs of Israel' in which he gives the reason for naming the Sabbath before Shavuot Shabbat Kallah [the Bridal Sabbath]
This Sabbath day is called Shabbat Kallah by the People of Israel for two reasons: Because it was our forefathers' custom to utter holy words on this Sabbath and to fulfil what they, of blessed memory, wrote 'Moses enacted for [the People of] Israel that they should inquire and expound upon the matter of the day'. And also because the Assembly of Israel is named the 'bride of the holy groom', since by the Torah which was handed to us by our Teacher Moses, may he rest in peace, He consecrated us in total sanctification [kiddushin].
Divrei Hizkiahu, Vol. 2, Zichron Tzaddikim, p.309, Jerusalem, 1952